In the case of Kowalska-Davis v. Davis, the Appeals Court of Massachusetts reviewed a divorce judgment between Hanna Ewa Kowalska-Davis and Randall Lyndon Davis. The court’s decision, entered on February 27, 2012, affirmed the second amended judgment of divorce nisi. This case was decided under Rule 1:28, which means it was primarily addressed to the parties involved and may not fully elaborate on the facts or the court’s rationale. Such decisions are not circulated to the entire court and represent only the views of the panel that decided the case. While these decisions can be cited for their persuasive value, they are not considered binding precedent.